Abstract: Seed treatment is important for protecting seed and seedling from pests and/or pathogens. Seed treatment can be performed generally in two ways: industrial seed treatment (IST), performed by seed companies, or on-farm treatment (OFT). These treatment technologies will affect the final quality of the process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the seed quality profile of ISTs and OFTs in Brazilian agribusiness in terms of functional quality and dose application effectiveness (DAE). Seed samples treated by both processes were collected in 6 producing states of Brazil, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Paraná, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina. To evaluate the functional quality of the treatments, the coating percentage was determined by high-resolution image analysis with GroundEye® equipment, and the insecticide active ingredient DAE amount was determined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Image analysis proved to be a promising technique to evaluate seed coating, in addition, samples treated with “on farm” technology had greater variation and heterogeneity in coating and active ingredient dose, while samples treated industrially showed greater homogeneity, uniformity, effectiveness of applied products. There was a strong positive correlation between coating with phytosanitary products and DAE in treated corn seeds, important parameters in the evaluation of the quality of the treatment.

Resumo: O tratamento de semente é importante para a proteção de sementes e plântulas contra pragas e ou patógenos. Podendo ser realizado basicamente via tratamento de sementes industrial (TSI) ou na própria fazenda “on farm” (TOF). Essas tecnologias de tratamento vão afetar a qualidade final do processo. Assim, o objetivo no trabalho foi realizar a caracterização do perfil da qualidade do TSI e TOF no agronegócio brasileiro, quanto à qualidade funcional e eficácia de aplicação de dose (EAD). Sementes tratadas em ambos os processos foram coletadas em 6 estados produtores do Brasil e avaliadas quanto à porcentagem de recobrimento por meio da análise de imagens com o equipamento GroundEye® e EAD do ingrediente ativo inseticida por meio de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). A análise de imagem mostrou-se uma técnica promissora para avaliar o recobrimento de sementes, além disso, as amostras tratadas com a tecnologia “on farm” apresentaram maior variação e heterogeneidade do revestimento e da dose do ingrediente ativo, enquanto as amostras tratadas industrialmente houve maior homogeneidade, uniformidade, assertividade dos produtos aplicados. Existe forte correlação positiva entre recobrimento por produto fitossanitário e EAD em sementes tratadas de milho, parâmetros importantes na avaliação da qualidade do tratamento.

RESUMEN La variabilidad en la definición epidemiológica de la periodontitis y los protocolos de evaluación afectan la medición de la prevalencia y su asociación con ciertos factores. Si bien, el patrón oro para el examen periodontal es el registro de boca completa, que evalúa la pérdida de inserción (CAL, por sus siglas en inglés) y profundidad de sondaje (PS, por sus siglas en inglés), los recursos no siempre están disponibles para los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica. Objetivo: En este estudio se compararon diferentes protocolos y definiciones de periodontitis evaluando la prevalencia y la asociación de factores relacionados en pacientes adultos que solicitaron atención en la Facultad de Odontología de la UdelaR. Materiales y Método: Los datos provienen de un estudio transversal de 410 sujetos con una elevada carga de enfermedad en términos de ENT y periodontitis. Se utilizó un examen clínico registrando PD en todos los dientes y CAL en los sextantes CPI (WHO 2013). Se definieron cuatro criterios de periodontitis basados en dos protocolos de examen y dos definiciones epidemiológicas de caso. Las comparaciones se realizaron tomando como referencia el protocolo de la OMS de 2013. Resultados: Al comparar los dos protocolos de examen, se verificó la subestimación de la prevalencia cuando se utilizó el protocolo de la OMS de 1997 para la definición de caso moderado-grave y para la periodontitis grave, siendo en el primer caso del 20% y en el segundo caso tres veces mayor que. Conclusiones: Si no se considera la gravedad de la periodontitis, el uso del protocolo de la OMS 2013 no proporciona más información sobre qué factores aumentan la probabilidad de periodontitis. Sin embargo, al analizar la gravedad, los factores asociados fueron diferentes. En consecuencia, en una población pequeña estaría justificado el esfuerzo de utilizar el protocolo de la OMS de 2013, ya que el criterio de referencia es la boca completa.

ABSTRACT The fact that there are different epidemiological definitions of periodontitis and different evaluation protocols affects the estimate of periodontitis prevalence and of the influence of associated factors. The gold standard for periodontal examination is full-mouth record assessing CAL and PD. However, there are not always sufficient human and financial resources available to apply such assessment for epidemiological surveillance systems. Aim: This study was conducted to compare different protocols and definitions of periodontitis for assessing prevalence and the impact of related factors in adult patients who requested care at the School of Dentistry, UdelaR. Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 410 subjects with a high burden of disease in terms of NCDs and periodontitis. Clinical examination evaluated PD in all teeth and CAL in the CPI sextants (WHO 2013). Four periodontitis criteria were defined based on two examination protocols (WHO 2013 and WHO 1997) and two definitions of epidemiological case. Comparisons were made taking the 2013 WHO protocol as a reference. Results: Comparison of the two examination protocols showed that prevalence was underestimated when the WHO 1997 protocol was used to define moderate-severe and severe periodontitis, by 20% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: When the severity of periodontitis was not considered, the WHO 2013 protocol did not provide more information on what factors increase the chance of periodontitis. However, when severity was considered, the associated factors were different. Consequently, in a small population, it would be worth using the WHO 2013 protocol, which is the closest to the full-mouth gold standard criterion.

Summary Movies are a helpful tool to learn and teach which allow us to depict from different points of view the complexity of the illness. In this paper we focus on the educational tools we saw in the movie Five feet apart about cystic fibrosis, where we can see the daily aspects that patients have to endure in a hospital, from their feeding, treatment and infections, as well as the importance of physical contact with the people around because they must keep a distance of 2 m between them. It also depicts the infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria like Burkholderia cepacia and the alternative methods to treat it like lung transplant which allows patients to extend their life expectancy.

Resumen El cine es una efectiva herramienta de enseñanza - aprendizaje que permite ilustrar desde diversos enfoques los procesos complejos de la enfermedad. En este artículo hacemos hincapié sobre estas herramientas educativas que nos brinda la película A dos metros de ti / Five feet apart, sobre la fibrosis quística. En la que se retratan los aspectos diarios que sobrellevan los pacientes dentro de un hospital desde su alimentación, tratamiento e infecciones. A la vez, la necesidad del contacto físico que tienen con las personas que conviven; ya que estos pacientes deben mantenerse alejados entre sí, a dos metros de distancia. Además, trata de las infecciones causadas por bacterias multirresistentes como Burkholderia cepacia y métodos alternativos como el proceso de trasplante pulmonar que permite prolongar la vida en paciente con fibrosis quística.

Resumen La Clínica de Odontopediatría desarrolla un modelo de atención con énfasis en promoción, educación y rehabilitación destacándose su control y mantenimiento. No hay información sobre el impacto de los controles periódicos. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación del número de controles y la salud bucal de niños entre 5 y 10 años. Estudio transversal, descriptivo (2017-18) y retrospectivo (hasta 2014) en dos subpoblaciones: G1=controles y G2=primera vez, evaluando diferencias de piezas afectadas Resultados: 115 niños, 44 en G1 y 71 en G2. El 100% presentaron biopelícula. G1 presentó un valor significativamente menor del IPV>20% (p<0.001), de lesiones cavitadas (p<0.001). G1 con 2 o más controles el promedio de lesiones iniciales fue de 2,6 y G2 de 4,5 (p<0.001). Conclusiones: Los niños con dos o más controles presentaron mejor situación de salud bucal que quienes consultaron por primera vez. Se confirma la importancia del control programado para el mantenimiento de la salud bucal.

Abstract The Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, has a care model that focuses on promotion, health education and rehabilitation, and aims to support health control and maintenance. There is no information on the impact of periodic checkups. Objective: To evaluate the association between the number of checkups and oral health in children aged between 5 and 10. Cross-sectional, descriptive (2017-18) and retrospective (up to 2014) study in two subpopulations: G1 = checkups, and G2 = first visit. We evaluated the differences in the number of teeth affected. Results: The sample included 115 children: 44 in G1 and 71 in G2. All of them had biofilm. G1 presented significantly lower values regarding visible plaque index (VPI) (>20%) (p < 0.001) and cavitated lesions (p < 0.001). G1 members, who had attended two or more checkups, had 2.6 initial lesions on average, and G2 members, 4.5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Children who had attended two or more checkups had better oral health than those seeking care for the first time. This confirms the importance of scheduled checkups for maintaining oral health.

Resumo A Clínica de Odontologia Pediátrica desenvolve um modelo de cuidado com ênfase na promoção, educação em saúde e reabilitação destacando seu controle e manutenção. Não há informações que sustentem o impacto que os controles regulares. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do número de controles anuais e da saúde bucal de crianças entre 5 e 10 anos. Estudo transversal e descritivo (2017-18) e retrospectiva (até 2014) em duas subpopulações: G1-controle e G2-primeira vez. Resultados: 115 crianzas: G1-44 e G2-71. 100% do de crianças apresentaram biofilme. G1 apresentou valor de IPV>20% e lesões cavitadas significativamente menor (p<0,001). G1 com 2 ou mais controles a média de lesões iniciais foi de 2,6 e no G2 4,5 (p <0,001). Conclusões: Crianças que assistem a 2 ou mais controles têm uma melhor situação de saúde bucal em comparação com aquelas que consultam pela primeira vez. Confirma-se a importância do controle programado para manutenção da saúde bucal.

Resumen Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) comparten factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos con las enfermedades bucales. Ambas representan también un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de caries, paradenciopatías y pérdida dentaria en personas que demandan atención en la facultad de odontología de la udelar. Metodos: se relevó una muestra de los pacientes de la facultad de odontología, que respondieron un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos vinculados a factores de riesgo comportamentales, se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial, de glicemia capilar y un examen bucal. Resultados: fueron encuestados 602 individuos, el cpod promedio fue de 16, la prevalencia de caries no tratada fue de 72,8 % y la prevalencia de periodontitis 42,9 %. Conclusiones: Se recomienda la instalación de un programa preventivo-asistencial conjunto entre Facultad de Odontología y área salud de la UDELAR que integre la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades bucales y las no transmisibles.

Abstract Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) share behavioral and metabolic risk factors with oral diseases. Both are also public health issues. Objective: To determine the prevalence of caries, gum conditions, and tooth loss in patients treated at UdelaR’s School of Dentistry. Methods: A sample of individuals treated at the School of Dentistry answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and habits related to behavioral risk factors. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and capillary blood glucose were recorded, and an oral exam was performed. Results: Six hundred and two individuals were surveyed. The average DMFT was 16, the prevalence of untreated caries, 72.8%, and the prevalence of periodontitis, 42.9%. Conclusions: We recommend implementing a joint preventive-care program run by the School of Dentistry and the health area of UDELAR that integrates the promotion and prevention of oral and noncommunicable diseases.

Resumo As doenças não transmissíveis (DCNT) compartilham fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos com as doenças bucais. Ambos também representam um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de cárie, paradenciopatias e perda de dente em pessoas que exigem atenção na faculdade de odontologia da udelar. Métodos: foram avaliados 602 adultos, que responderam a um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas e hábitos relacionados a fatores de risco comportamentais, medidas antropométricas, pressão arterial, glicemia capilar e realização de exame oral. Resultados: foram pesquisados 602 indivíduos com média de 16 cáries, prevalência de cárie não tratada de 72,8% e prevalência de periodontite de 42,9%. Conclusões: Recomenda-se a instalação de um programa de cuidados preventivos conjuntos entre a Faculdade de Odontologia e a área da saúde da UDELAR que integre a promoção e prevenção das doenças bucais e não transmissíveis.

Abstract. In the context of epidemiological studies, where non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are investigated, it is common practice the use of categorical variables to reflect the presence of both certain diseases and comorbidities or risk factors (RF). Particularly, within the scope of oral pathologies (PO), NCDs are usually considered as RF. In this sense, it is possible to consider the global health status of individuals while simultaneously taking into consideration the presence of NCDs, PO and RF. During years 2015 and 2016, a study was carried out concerning people who demanded assistance at the Facultad de Odontología of the Universidad de la República, Uruguay, which aimed to investigate the link between the RF of the most prevalent NCDs, and oral health. It is proposed to obtain well differentiated epidemiological profiles from the determination of typologies of individuals, based on categorical attributes, referring to NCDs, the most frequent OPs and the RF, common to both. Two typologies were detected mainly defined by the prevalence of NCD and PO. One of them was characterized by the coexistence of PO, NCD and RF, while in the other participants with lower prevalence of NCD were observed. Additionally, it was found that the group with the highest burden of disease was mainly composed of women and people of more advanced ages, which could explain the higher prevalence of NCDs.

Resumen. En el contexto de los estudios epidemiológicos, donde se indaga por las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), es práctica habitual utilizar variables categóricas para reflejar tanto la presencia de determinadas enfermedades como de comorbilidades o factores de riesgo (FR). En particular, dentro del ámbito de las patologías orales (PO), las ENT también suelen ser consideradas como FR. En este sentido, existe la posibilidad de considerar el estado de salud global de los individuos, atendiendo simultáneamente la presencia de ENT, PO y FR. Entre los años 2015 y 2016 se llevó a cabo un estudio concerniente a las personas que demandaron asistencia en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Dicho estudio tenía como objetivo investigar el vínculo entre los FR de las ENT más prevalentes y la salud bucal. Se propone la obtención de perfiles epidemiológicos bien diferenciados a partir de la determinación de tipologías de individuos, en base a atributos categóricos, referentes a ENT, las PO más frecuentes y los FR comunes a ambas. Se detectaron dos tipologías definidas, principalmente por las prevalencias de ENT y PO. Una de ellas se caracterizó por la coexistencia de PO, ENT y FR mientras que en la otra se observaron participantes con menores prevalencias de ENT. Adicionalmente se constató que el grupo de mayor carga de enfermedad estuvo compuesto por principalmente por mujeres y personas de edades más avanzadas, lo cual podría explicar la mayor prevalencia de ENT.

Resumen Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) comparten factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos con las enfermedades bucales y ambas representan un problema de salud pública. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia ENT y sus factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos en personas que concurrieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de la República. Metodos: Estudio transversal en el que se aplicó un cuestionario sobre características sociodemográficas y hábitos vinculados a factores de riesgo comportamentales. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas, de presión arterial y glicemia capilar. Resultados: Fueron encuestados 602 individuos Conclusiones: En función de las prevalencias elevadas de varios factores de riesgo, se recomienda la instalación de un programa preventivo-educativo en las salas de espera de la Facultad.

Summary Non-communicable diseases (NCD) share behavioral and metabolic risk factors with oral diseases and both represent a public health problem. Objective: to find out the prevalence of NCD and its behavioral and metabolic risk factors in people who attend at College of Odontology of the University of the Republic. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted and a questionnaire related to socio-demograhic characteristics and habits linked to behavioral risk factors was applied. Anthropometric measurements of arterial pressure and capillary glucose were taken, Results: The final sample were 602 individuals. A high prevalence of physical inactivity, problematic alcohol intake, excessive salt consumption, hypertension and diabetes was found. These figures were larger than those found at the national level. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of various risk factors, the installation of a preventive-educational program in the waiting rooms of the Faculty is recommended.

Resumo As doenças não transmissíveis (DNT) compartem fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos com as doenças bucais, as duas representam um problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência DNT e os fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos em pessoas que concorreram à Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade da República. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, onde foi aplicado um questionário relativo às características sociodemográficas e hábitos ligados com fatores de risco comportamentais. Se realizaram medições antropométricas, de pressão arterial e glicemia capilar. Resultados: Foram pesquisados 602 indivíduos. Constatou-se uma alta prevalência de inatividade física, ingestão problemática de álcool, consumo excessivo de sal, hipertensão e diabetes. Estes valores foram acima dos encontrados a nível nacional. Conclusão: Dada a alta prevalência encontrada de vários fatores de risco, recomenda-se a instalação de um programa educacional-preventivo nas salas de espera da Faculdade.

The natural grasslands that form part of the "Campos" of South America contain a large number of species at the paddock level (high α diversity), but little differentiation among paddocks (low β diversity). Thus, forage resources at the farm level have slightly different seasonal growth peaks, in part due to the low frequency of fertilization, the lack of differential grazing management and mowing of these plant communities. To stimulate diversification of these forage resources, it is possible to take advantage of differential responses of each type of plant community to changes in their use. Characterizing species by functional traits allows to orient the use of forage resources according their functional composition, thus increasing the diversity of vegetation types, which favors differentiation of growth peaks among paddocks. After an initial division between C3 and C4 species, 63 Poaceae species were classified into eight groups or plant functional types (PFT) according to their preferred degree of soil fertility and use intensity. Based on the leaf dry matter content (LDMC) measured in experiments in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, we distinguished four PFT, two for C3 species and two for C4 species, with LDMC less than or equal to 300 mg/g. The species of these four PFT are adapted to fertile environments and intensive defoliation. Fertilizing and using more intensively vegetation dominated by species with these low LDMC can diversify the use value of paddocks, thus facilitating use of forage resources at the farm level.

Los pastizales naturales que forman parte de los "Campos" de América del Sur se caracterizan por tener un gran número de especies a nivel de potrero (alta diversidad α) y una diferenciación entre potreros relativamente baja (baja diversidad β). Esto significa que, a nivel de predio, se dispone de un conjunto de recursos forrajeros con picos de crecimiento estacionales poco diferenciados. En parte, esto es consecuencia del uso escaso de prácticas diferenciales de fertilización, de manejo del pastoreo y de corte sobre dichas comunidades vegetales. Para incentivar la diversificación de los recursos forrajeros (aumentar la diversidad β) se puede aprovechar la respuesta diferencial de los pastizales frente a cambios en su uso. Caracterizar las especies a través de sus rasgos funcionales permite orientar el uso del recurso al aplicar el tratamiento adecuado a su composición, aumentar la diversidad de tipos de vegetación y favorecer, de esta manera, el escalonamiento de la producción entre distintos potreros. Luego de una primera división entre especies C3 y C4, se clasificaron 63 Poáceas en 8 grupos o tipos funcionales de plantas (PFT) según su preferencia por sitios más o menos fértiles e intensidades de uso más o menos altas. Sobre la base de los valores de contenido en materia seca foliar (LDMC) obtenidos en varios experimentos en Brasil, Uruguay y Argentina se separaron cuatro PFT, dos de especies en C3 y otros dos de especies en C4, que presentan valores inferiores o muy cercanos a 300 mg/g. Las especies de estos cuatro PFT están adaptadas a ambientes fértiles y defoliadas con gran intensidad, a diferencia de los cuatro PFT restantes. Fertilizar y usar de forma más intensa la vegetación donde dominan las especies con esas bajas LDMC permitirá diversificar el valor de uso de los potreros, lo que facilita el aprovechamiento de los recursos forrajeros a nivel de predio.

Abstract: Objectives: To determine the prevalence of bruxism and TMD in two populations in Uruguay: the capital city, Montevideo, and outside Montevideo. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout the country with stratified multistage sampling. Results: The variables selected and analyzed in this first paper were: degree of mouth opening, muscle pain, TMJ clicking, parafunctional wear facets, headache, history of joint noise, feeling of clenching during sleep and self-perception of stress. The following global prevalence rates were found: TMD: 55%, with at least one symptom, it being more prevalent in Montevideo (57%) than outside Montevideo (53%); with at least one sign: 44%, it also being more prevalent in Montevideo (47%) than outside Montevideo (41%). As for active bruxism, regarding the feeling of clenching during sleep, a prevalence of 30.72% was found in Montevideo and 23.19% outside Montevideo, while being or having been a bruxer in the assessment of the parafunctional wear facets had a prevalence of 71.95% in Montevideo and 62.17% outside Montevideo. Conclusions: With this survey, we found a high prevalence of TMD and bruxism in the Uruguayan population and encourage the development of collective prevention and treatment actions.

Resumen: Se presenta un nuevo método de acupuntura placebo, evaluándose en esta fase el cegamiento del operador. Metodología: Se implementaron dos estudios experimentales utilizando como referencia el punto acupuntural Intestino Grueso 4 (IG4). En el primero (I) tres operadores utilizaron el dispositivo desarrollado en un mismo paciente. Mientras que en un segundo experimento (II), un único acupunturista utilizó dicho dispositivo en 12 voluntarios sanos. Resultados: En I, sobre un total de 30 agujas que utilizaron los operadores, estos pudieron identificar correctamente 7 (23%). Por otra parte, en el experimento II, los porcentajes de acierto encontrados no fueron significativamente diferentes de 50%, por lo cual no hay evidencia suficiente que permita decir que el acupunturista reconoce el tipo de aguja que está utilizando. Conclusiones: El nuevo dispositivo evidenció un alto potencial de cegamiento del operador, sugiriendo que es útil para enmascarar incluso a acupunturistas experimentados.

Abstract: We present a new placebo acupuncture method with potential for double-blinding. In this phase, we evaluate the possibility of blinding the practitioner. Methodology: We conducted two experimental studies using the acupuncture point of the Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) as reference. In the first study (I), three practitioners used the device on the same patient. In the second experiment (II), a single acupuncturist used this device on 12 healthy volunteers. Results: In I, out of 30 needles used by the practitioners, they were able to correctly identify 7 needles (23%) (practitioner #1, 2/10; practitioner #2, 4/10; and practitioner #3, 1/10). In experiment II, success rates were around 50%, so there is not enough evidence to state that the acupuncturist recognizes the type of needle used. Conclusions The new device showed high potential for practitioner blinding, suggesting that it is useful to blind even experienced acupuncturists.

Resumen: Introducción: El consumo de drogas puede constituir un agente etiológico de trastornos témporomandibulares (TTM), lo cual debe ser tenido en cuenta al momento del diagnóstico y en la elaboración de un plan de tratamiento. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de signos y síntomas de TTM en una población con dependencia a las drogas al inicio del régimen de internación y analizar posibles factores asociados. Material y método:Fue un estudio descriptivo y transversal, que incluyó pacientes consecutivos al inicio del tratamiento por consumo problemático de drogas. Participaron 135 pacientes internados en el Portal Amarillo y examinados por un investigador calibrado. Se solicitó consentimiento informado al participante y/o su representante legal. Resultados: La prevalencia de participantes con uno o más signos actuales de TTM fue de 29,7% y con uno o más síntomas actuales de TTM fue de 68,8%. La prevalencia de síntomas actuales de TTM presentó asociación significativa con autopercepción de estrés (p=.03), consumo de mate (p=.03) y de alcohol (p=.03). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de síntomas de TTM en una población en tratamiento por dependencia a las drogas es elevada respecto a la población general. Esto debe ser tenido en cuenta a la hora de desarrollar políticas de prevención y tratamiento.

Abstract: Introduction: Drug consumption may be an etiological agent of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) which should be considered when diagnosing a patient and developing a treatment plan. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of TMD signs and symptoms in a drug-dependent population at the beginning of their admission, and to analyze possible associated factors. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that included patients at the beginning of treatment for problematic drug use. We studied 135 subjects admitted to Portal Amarillo, Uruguay. The patients were examined by a calibrated researcher. Informed consent was requested from each participant and/or their legal representative. Results: The prevalence of subjects with one or more current TMD signs was 29.7%, and those with one or more current TMD symptoms accounted for 68.8%. The prevalence of current TMD symptoms showed a significant association with self-perceived stress (p=.03), mate consumption (p=.03) and alcohol consumption (p=.03). Conclusions: The prevalence of current TMD symptoms in the population under treatment for drug dependence is high compared to the general population. This should be considered when developing prevention and therapeutic strategies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar, retrospectivamente, os resultados preliminares do pós-operatório de pacientes com displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril, tratados com osteotomia acetabular do tipo Dega modificada e, dessa forma, confirmar a eficácia da técnica. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo foram incluídos pacientes com idades acima de 18 meses. No total, 19 quadris foram submetidos à osteotomia de Dega modificada. Resultados: Os resultados foram satisfatórios, com diminuição média do índice acetabular de 39,2 para 20,6 graus. A média final do ângulo centro-borda foi de 29,6 graus. Em todos os casos houve restabelecimento da congruência articular dos quadris e, até o momento, um caso apresentou necrose da cabeça do fêmur no mesmo período do seguimento. Conclusão: A osteotomia de Dega modificada demonstrou bons resultados iniciais e potencial para ser empregada no tratamento da displasia do desenvolvimento do quadril. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the preliminary postoperative results of modified Dega-type acetabular osteotomy to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip, confirming the efficacy and reproducibility of this technique. Methods: This retrospective study included patients older than 18 months. A total of 19 hips underwent modified Dega osteotomy. Results: Satisfactory results were obtained, with an average decrease of the acetabular index from 39.2 to 20.6 degrees. The final average center edge angle was 29.6 degrees. Hip joint congruence was reestablished in all cases, and as of this writing, only one case developed necrosis in the femoral head during follow-up. Conclusion: Modified Dega osteotomy demonstrated good initial results, as well as the potential for use in treating developmental dysplasia of the hip. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

Abstract The present study aimed at understanding the relationship between periodontitis and socio-contextual and individual determinants of health. Data from “The First Uruguayan Oral Health Survey, 2011”, which included 223 and 455 individuals with 35–44 and 65–74 years old respectively, were used. A stratified, multistage cluster sampling design was adopted (cities with ≥ 20.000 residents). Periodontitis was assessed using the modified Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) (periodontal pocket and CAL ≥ 4 mm). Independent variables included contextual socioeconomic status (SES) measured by proportion of houses with Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN) and individual demographic and behavioral factors. Logistic regression multilevel models were generated. Living in contexts with a higher UBN was associated with higher odds for periodontitis in both age groups, even when adjusting for individual level variables (odds ratio [OR] = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.42–1.60 and 1.31, 95%CI = 1.21–1.42, respectively). Being male or heavy smoker increased the odds of periodontitis in this population for both age groups. Social structure impacts periodontal disease by modifying individual socioeconomic situations: in better socioeconomic context, UBN acts increasing the protector role of socioeconomic situation but in a poverty context the role is attenuated. Conclusions for this study are that periodontitis varies across contextual socio-demographic groups being higher in the population with a lower SES, challenging health authorities to integrate oral health into national non-communicable diseases programs.